![]() All the patients were interviewed by J.-E. The relevant ethic committee accepted this study. Additional exclusion criteria comprised organic brain disorder, clinically significant alcohol or drug abuse, aggressive and hostile behavior, and forensic status. We selected patients who could tolerate lengthy interviews. Sixteen patients were rehospitalized, 2 patients were admitted for the first time, and 2 patients were in outpatient treatment but had been hospitalized before. They were diagnosed according to ICD-10 and accepted the invitation to participate in the interview study. In brief, we recruited 20 patients (mean age, 32 years: range, 18–53 years eight men) who all suffered from paranoid schizophrenia. The methodology is described in Yttri et al. In this second report from our sample of 20 patients with schizophrenia, we try to examine the following domains of AVH: Moreover, the interviewer needs to be highly trained and knowledgeable ( Nordgaard et al., 2013 Parnas and Sass, 2008 Parnas et al., 2013). Such an approach presupposes a face-to-face interaction between the psychiatrist and the patient, a semistructured narrative, or conversational conduct of the interview, which allows for spontaneous self-descriptions. The goal is to obtain a faithful description of the patient's contents and modes or forms of experience. Our orientation is phenomenological in the sense of continental phenomenological psychopathology initiated by Karl Jaspers (1997) (for the distinctions between uses of this term, see Parnas and Zahavi, 2002). In a previous report, we have described the mode of onset of AVHs and their duration before disclosure and associated psychopathology in 20 mainly readmitted patients suffering from schizophrenia ( Yttri et al., 2020). These sources are largely unknown to the contemporary reader ( Parnas and Urfer-Parnas, 2017). It is important to emphasize that many of the crucial issues concerning AVH have been addressed in German and especially, French psychopathology. Recent reviews of the literature have uniformly emphasized the need for qualitative studies that focus on a comprehensive picture of psychopathology associated with AVH ( Larøi et al., 2012 McCarthy-Jones et al., 2013 Waters and Fernyhough, 2017 Woods et al., 2014). The status of AVH with respect to mode of presentation, diagnostic significance, and pathogenetic issues is still a matter of ongoing debate and research. This generic definition applies to AVH in schizophrenia according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition, and ICD-10 and 11. Hallucination is considered to be a perception-like experience without causal stimulus. ![]() Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs) constitute a major psychiatric symptom and index the diagnosis of a psychotic disorder.
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